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Use it to limit the risk of demyelinating encephalopathy secondary to rapid correction of hypo- or hypernatremia. Formula: Change in Na = (Infusate Na +Infusate K - Plasma Na) / (Total Body Water+1) TBW = coeff * weight [kg] The coeff is 0.6 in children; 0.6 and 0.5 in nonelderly men and women, respectively; and 0.5 and 0.45 in elderly men and women, respectively. [Na+] in each infusate: NaCl 5% : 855 [mmol/L] NaCl 3% : 513 [mmol/L] NaCl 0.9% : 154 [mmol/L] Ringer's : 130 [mmol/L] NaCl 0.45% : 77 [mmol/L] NaCl 0.2% : 34 [mmol/L] Dextrose 5% : 0 [mmol/L] References: Adrogué HJ,Madias NE, NEJM 2000 ; 342 : 1493 -1499 and 1581 - 1589 Clinical use: Those equations are more accurate than creatinine clearance measured from 24-hour urine samples or predicted from the Cockcroft-Gault equations. Formula: GFR = 170 * Pcr^-0.999 * age ^-0.176 * 1.18 (if black) * 0.762 (if female) * BUN^-0.17 * alb^0.318 GFR = 270 * Pcr^-1.007 * age ^-0.18 * 1.178 (if black) * 0.755 (if female) * BUN^-0.169 GFR = 186 * Pcr^-1.154 * age ^-0.203 * 1.212 (if black) * 0.742 (if female) Units: Pcr = serum creatinine [mg/dL] BUN = blood uread nitrogen [mg/dL] alb = serum albumine [g/dL] References: Levey AS, A Simplified Equation to Predict Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine (abstract), J Am Soc Nephrol 2000, 11 Levey AS. Ann Intern Med. 1999 ; 130 : 461 - 470. Clinical use: A high body mass index is associated with increased risk of death from all causes at all ages among both men and women. Adult values: <18.5 = Underweight 18.5-24.9 = Normal weight 25-29.9 = Overweight 30-39.9 = Obesity >=40 = Extreme obesity Pediatric values: Overweight (95%ile BMI): Age - M / F 5 - 18.3 / 18.5 6 - 19.0 / 19.3 7 - 20.0 / 20.4 8 - 21.5 / 21.7 9 - 23.1 / 23.0 10 - 24.6 / 24.5 11 - 25.7 / 26.1 12 - 26.5 / 27.5 13 - 27.1 / 28.6 14 - 27.8 / 29.3 15 - 28.7 / 29.6 16 - 29.8 / 29.9 17 - 30.1 / 31.3 Formula: BMI = weight/height² Units: BMI [kg/m²], weight [kg], height [m] References: Calle EE. NEJM 1999 ; 341 : 1097 - 1105 Rosner et al. J Pediatr 1998 ; 132 : 211 Clinical use: MELD stands for Model End Stage Liver Disease (ESLD), a disease severity scoring system applied to adult liver patients. It is designed to improve the organ allocation system in liver transplantion to ensure that available organs are directed to transplant candidates based on the severity of their liver disease. Formula: Score = 9.57 * Ln(Scr) + 3.78 * Ln(Tbil) + 11.2 * Ln(INR) + 6.43 Units: Scr = serum creatinine [mg/dL] Tbil =total bilirubin [mg/dL] INR = international normalized ratio Rules applied to data: - Scr,Tbil and INR are always >=1 - Scr is always <=4 - Maximum MELD score is 40 References: Kamath PS et al. Hepatology. 2001; 33(2): 464 Wiesner RH et al. Liver Transpl. 2001; 7(7): 567   #ð€ °Æ Üà"tŠšÂØîRh~šŠúŠÔŒvŽZc#ñ/w À#ñ#ô#ò,H ɃƒCƒ“ƒƒjƒ…[“#ó8`- ɃŠƒZƒbƒg#ô w,,Week(s)Day(s)Hour(s)Minute(s)#õH È#öCw€=#÷MwP ‚P#øc$ È#ùR$ Ø#úcH È#ûRH Ø#ü w,Week(s)Day(s)#ý’ Á #ÿ$ È$€First date :s$7€Second date :Clinical use: Clearance can be normalized for 1.73m2 in order to compare it to reference values, see below. Formula: Cl = (Ucreat * Uvol) / (time * Pcreat) Cl (normalized for 1.73m²) = Cl * 1.73/BSA Units: Ucreat = urine creatinine [mmol/L] Pcreat = plasma creatinine [mmol/L] time = duration of urine sampling [min] Uvol = volume of urine [mL] BSA = body surface area [m²] Reference values: 5-7 j: 50.6 ± 5.8 [mL/min/1.73m²] 1-2 m: 64.6 ± 5.8 [mL/min/1.73m²] 5-8 m: 87.7 ± 11.9 [mL/min/1.73m²] 9-12 m: 86.9 ± 8.4 [mL/min/1.73m²] >12 mois: H: 124 ± 26 [mL/min/1.73m²] F: 109 ± 13.5 [mL/min/1.73m²] Adultes: H: 105 ± 14 [mL/min/1.73m²] F: 95 ± 18 [ml/min/1.73m²] Energy: 1 [kcal] = 4.1868 [kJ] 1 [kJ] = 0.2388 [kcal] Length: 1 [cm] = 0.01 [m] 1 [m] =100 [cm] 1 [ft] = 30.48 [cm] 1 [in] = 2.54 [cm] Pressure: 1 [bar] = 100 [kPa] 1 [atm] = 760 [mmHg] 1 [mmHg] = 1 [Torr] 1 [cmH20] = 0.7355 [mmHg] 1 [mmHg] = 0.13332 [kPa] 1 [kPa] = 7.5006 [mmHg] Temperature: 1 [°C] = 1.8*(x+32) [°F] 1 [°F] = (5/9)*(x-32) [°C] Weight: 1 [kg] = 2.205 [lb] 1 [lb] = 0.4536 [kg] Volume: 1 [L] = 1000 [mL] 1 [oz] = 29.5735 [mL] 1 teaspoon = 5 [mL] 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons References: Taylor BN. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811. 1995 Edition. Clinical use: Helps discriminate between secretory and osmotic diarrhea. OG<50 secretory diarrhea OG>100 osmotic diarrhea Plasma omolality is used rather than the osmolality measured in fecal fluid because the latter equilibrates with plasma osmolality and measured fecal osmolality begins to increase in the collection container almost immediately when carbohydrates are converted by bacterial fermentation to osmotically active organic acids. Formula: OG = Osm - 2*(Na + K) Units: OG, Osm [mosm/kg], Na, K [mmol/L] References: Shiau YF. Ann Int Med 1985 ; 102 : 773 - 5 Duncan A, Robertson C, Russell RI. J Lab Clin Med 1992;119 : 359 - 363. Clinical use: Adjusts reticulocyte count for hematocrit. An index > 3 shows a normal marrow response to anemia. An index < 2 is an inadequate response to anemia. With a normal hematocrit, an index of 1 is normal. Formula: index = reti * (hct/45) / CF Units: CF = maturation correction factor. When the marrow is greatly stimulated, marrow reticulocytes enter the circulation prematurely. The index must be corrected to account for the longer circulation time of those 'shift reticulocytes'. The correction factor depends on the severity of the anemia. Hct 41%-50% (CF=1) Hct 30%-40% (CF=1.5) Hct 20%-39% (CF=2) Hct 10%-19% (CF=2.5) œœÔ€ ’°¸ÐòBX€šÎü,About MedCalc...€ðÖ$ ÉOK×)€Medical calculatorØP€ 5.0 ( 20040509 )Ù|€©1999-2004 Mathias Tschopp, MDÚ)€MedCalcÛn€http://medcalc.med-ia.netÜ.€DisclaimerÝ;€MedCalc is no substitute for clinicalÞG€reasoning. No medical decisionßS€should be based solely on resultsà_€provided by this program.Clinical use: Measure of efficiency of blood oxygenation. Affected by ventilation / perfusion or diffusion abnormalities. Unaffected by hypo- or hyperventilation. Formula: Grad = FiO2 * (pAtm- pH20) - paO2 - pCO2 / RQ pAtm = 760*exp(-alt/7000) Units: FiO2=fractional inspired oxygen pAtm=atm. pressure [mmHg] alt = altitude [m] pH20 = 47 [mmHg] at 37 °[C] RQ = respiratory quotient paO2 = arterial press. of O2 pCO2 = arterial press. of CO2 both in [mmHg] References: Mellemgaard K. Acta Physiol Scand 1966 ; 67 : 10 Clinical use: Oxygen transport equations are used in the ICU to evaluate the adequation of oxygen delivery and metabolic needs in a variety of situations. Formulas: CvO2=1.34*Hb*SvO2+0.003*PvO2 CaO2=1.34*Hb*SaO2+0.003*PaO2 C(a-v)O2 = CaO2 - CvO2 ERO2= (CaO2 - CvO2) / CaO2 DO2 = 10 * CO * CaO2 VO2 = 10 * CO * (CaO2 - CvO2) Units: Hb [g/dL], DO2, VO2 [mL/min], SaO2, SvO2 and ERO2 %, CaO2, CvO2 and C(a-v)O2 [vol%] or [mL/100mL], CO [L/min] References: Marino PL. The ICU Book, Williams&Wilkins, 2nd ed.1997 Clinical use: Changes in the tubular reabsorption of phosphate may reflect changes in levels of parathyroid hormone. Normal: TRP > 78% (normal diet); TRP higher on low phosphate diet Hyperparathyroidism: TRP < 74% (normal diet); < 85% on low phosphate diet Formula: TmP = (Upo * Pcreat) / (Ppo * Ucreat) Units: Ucreat,Pcreat,Upo,Ppo [mmol/L] TmP % References: Tietz NW (editor). Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Third Edition. W.B. Saunders Co. 1995. pages 620-621 Clinical use: The correction of hypernatremia requires calculation of the water deficit. No more than half the estimated deficit should be replaced during the first 24 hours. Use oral route or 5% dextrose iv. Formula: Def(M) = 0.5 * Weight *((Na_m / Na_s)-1) Def(F) = 0.4 * Weight *((Na_m / Na_s)-1) Units: Na_m, Na_v [mmol/L], Weight [kg] References: Rose BD. Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders, 4th ed, Mc Graw-Hill, 1994, pp. 720-723 Clinical use: Help determine a probability of disease given the characteristics of the test and a pretest probability. Formula: Positive test result: Postt = pret * sens / ( pret * sens + (1-pret) * (1-spec)) Negative test result: Postt = pret * (1-sens) / (pret * (1-sens) + (1-pret) * spec) Units: Postt = post-test probability pret = pretest probability sens = sensitivity spec = specificity References: Bayes T. Philos Trans 1763 ; 53 : 370 Clinical use: Estimates coronary heart disease risk using Framingham Heart Study Prediction Score Sheets. It calculates the risk of angina pectoris, MI or coronary disease over the next 10 years. Only applies to people without known heart disease. Avg risk compares to a man the same age. Low risk was calculated for a man the same age with normal BP and cholesterol, non-smoker, no diabetes. References: Wilson PWF. Circulation 1998; 97: 1837-47 Formula: SVR = ((MAP-CVP) x 79.9) / CO PVR = ((MPAP-PCWP) x 79.9) / CO Units: SVR = Systemic vascular resistance [dynes*sec/cm^5] PVR = Pulmonary vasc. res. [dynes*sec/cm^5] MAP = Mean arterial press. [mmHg] CVP = Central veinous press. [mmHg] CO = Cardiac output [L/min] MPAP = Mean pulmonary art. press. [mmHg] PCWP = Pulmonary capillary wedge press. [mmHg] References: Marino PL. The ICU Book, Williams&Wilkins, 2nd ed.1997 Clinical use: Microalbuminuria can be detected without resorting to 24-hour urine collections by calculation of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Normal: <30 mg/g (<3.4 mg/mmol) Microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg/g Clinical albuminuria: >300 mg/g (>34 mg/mmol) Formula: Ratio = U alb / U creat Units: Urine albumin [mg/L], Urine creat. [mg/dL] or [mmol/L], Ratio [mg/g] or [mg/mmol] References: Mogensen CE, Diabetes Care 1995;18:572 Clinical use: Help classify metabolic acidosis. Normal AG = 8-16 [mmol/L]. High AG is caused by increase in "unmeasured anions": ketoacidosis, uremic acidosis, drug ingestion (salicylates, methanol, ethylene glycol), lactic acidosis Formula: AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3) Units: AG,Na,Cl,HCO3 [mmol/L] References: Emmet M, Narins RG. Medicine 1977 ; 56 : 38 - 54 Roberts WL, Johnson RD. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997 ; 121 : 568 - 572 Clinical use: This formula is useful for plotting heights and weights on growth charts. It's meant for pediatric use and will give unpredictable results for older patients. Formula: As the value of years and months is variable in the calendar, a mean value of 365.2422 days per year and 30.4368 days per month is used for computing the age in years and months. Age in weeks and days is perfectly accurate. Alcohol (ethanol): 1 [mg/dl] = 0.217 [mmol/L] Bilirubine: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.0171 [mmol/L] Calcium: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.25 [mmol/L] Cholesterol: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.02586 [mmol/L] Creatinine: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.0884 [mmol/L] Glucose: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.0555 [mmol/L] Magnesium: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.411 [mmol/L] Phosphate: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.323 [mmol/L] Triglycerides: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.0113 [mmol/L] Urea nitrogen: 1 [mg/dL] = 0.3571 [mmol/L] Clinical Use: BEE is usually multiplied by a correction factor to set a nutritional goal. Formula: BEE(M) = 66 + 13.7 * weight + 5 * height - 6.8 * age BEE(F) = 655+ 9.6 * weight + 1.8 * height - 4.7 * age Units: BEE [kcal], weight [kg], height [cm], age [y] References: Harris J, Benedict F. A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. Wash. DC, Carnegie Inst of Wash, 1919 Clinical use: The Apgar scoring system is used to assess newborn infants for depression of cardiopulmonary and neurological function, at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after birth. Low initial scores with no improvement in the 5 minute score is associated with neonatal problems including death. References: Graef JW. Manual of Pediatric Therapeutics, 5th edition. Little, Brown and Co. 1994. Formula: NNT = 1 / ARR ARR = x - y RRR = (x-y)/x OR = y(1-x) / x(1-y) RR = y/x Units: x = event rate in control group = events in control group / N control group y = event rate in treatment group = events in treatment group / N treatment group NNT = Number Needed to Treat ARR = Absolute Risk Reduction RRR = Relative Risk Reduction OR = Odds Ratio RR = Relative Risk Clinical use: Calculation of the Kt/V is the most common method used to assess the adequacy of hemodialysis. Adequate if URR>60% and Kt/V>1.2-1.4 Formula: R=PostHD_BUN/PreHD_BUN URR=1-R Kt/V=-log(R-0.03) + ((4-3.5*R) * (UF/Weight)) Units: Weight [kg], BUN [mmol/L] UF = ultrafiltrate vol. [L] References: Daugirdas JT. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993 ; 22 : 267 - 270 Clinical use: Recovery following anesthesia can be monitored by assessment of clinical findings. Score of 10 indicating best possible condition to leave recovery room. Scores of 8-9 are considered safe. Scores of 7 or lower are considered low or dangerous. References: Aldrete JA, Kroulik D. Recovery Score. Anesthesia Analgesia. 1970; 49: 924-933. Clinical use: Red blood cell indices reflect erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte. MCV: mean cell volume MCH: mean cell hemoglobin MCHC: mean cell hemoglobin concentration Formulas: MCV = 1000 * Hct / RC MCH = 10 * Hb / RC MCHC = Hb / Hct Units: Hb [g/dL], Hct %, RC [millions/µL], MCV [fL], MCH [pg], MCHC [g/dL] Clinical use: Amount of iv fluids (usually Lactated Ringers) to give in the first 24h following a burn injury in addition to maintenance fluid. Formula: Qty = 4*weight*tbsa Units: Qty [mL/24h], weight[kg] tbsa= percentage of total body surface References: "Parkland formula" Rosen, Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, 4th Ed. Formula: VA = CO / (K * sqrt(MVG) * HR * DFP) Units: CO = cardiac output [mL/min] HR = heart rate [bpm] DFP = diastolic filling (or systolic ejection) period [seconds per beat] MVG = mean valve gradient [mmHg] K = 37.7 for mitral valve, 44.3 for other valves References: Gorlin R, Gorlin SG. Am Heart J. 1951 ; 41 : 1 - 29 Clinical use: Estimated amount of blood a patient can loose before reaching a critical level of hemoglobin. Formula: EABL = (Hct_start - Hct_allow)*BV/Hct_start BV = 0.07 [L/kg] (blood volume) Units: Weight [kg], Hct %, EABL [L] References: Clinical Anesthesia Procedures of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 5th Ed. Clinical use: Index of ammonia in urine. In normal AG (plasma) metabolic acidosis, helps find the origin of the bicarbonate-wasting process. UAG<0: GI loss UAG>0: distal or type IV RTA Formula: UAG = Na + K - Cl Units: UAG,Na,Cl,K [mmol/L] References: Ann Clin Biochem 1999; 36: 408-422 NEJM 1988;318:594. Clinical use: Normal: 8-9 [mmol/l]. Values <7 (<5 ) with hyperkaliemia are (highly) suggestive of hypoaldosteronism. Formula: Grad = (Uk / (Uosm/ Posm)) / Pk Units: Uk, Pk [mmol/L], Uosm, Posm [mosm/kg] Assumptions: Uosm>Posm Una>25 [mmol/L] References: Ethier JH. Am J Kidney Dis 1990 ; 15 : 309 - 315 Clinical use: Normal <= 10 [mosm/kg] Unmeasured osmotically active substances: methanol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, mannitol Formula: Osm. gap = meas. osm. - calc. osm. Calc. osm. = 2*Na + BUN + Glucose Units: Na,BUN,Glucose [mmol/L], Osm [mosm/kg] References: Gennari FJ. NEJM 1984 ; 310 : 102 - 105 Clinical use: The ideal body weight for an individual can be estimated from the person's height and gender. Formula: weight(M)=51.65+(1.85*(ht-60)) weight(F)=48.67+(1.65*(ht-60)) Units: weight [kg], height [in] References: Robinson JD, Lupkiewicz SM, et al.. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1983; 40: 1016-1019. Clinical use: Valid if age between 20-100 [y] Normal: 95(F) or 120(M) ± 20 [mL/min] Formula: Cl(M) = 1.23 * Weight * (140 - Age) / Creat Cl(F) = 1.03 * Weight * (140 - Age) / Creat Units: Creat [µmol/L], Weight [kg], Age [y] References: Cockcroft D, Gault MH. Nephron. 1976 ; 16 : 31 - 41 Clinical use: Only valid for adults. Formula: PEF(M) = exp(0.544 * log (age) - 0.0151 * age-74.7 / height+5.48) PEF(F) = exp(0.376 * log(age) - 0.0120 * age-58.8 / height+5.63) Units: PEF [L/min], age [y], height [cm] References: Nunn AJ, Gregg I. BMJ 1989 ; 298 : 1068 - 1070 Clinical use: In severe alcoholic hepatitis, demonstrated by a score > 32, prednisolone treatment ( 40mg qd during 1 month) may improve survival. Formula: Score =4.6* (PT - Control) + Bili Units: PT, Control [s], Bili [mg/dL] References: Ramond MJ. NEJM 1992 ; 326 : 507 - 512 Clinical use: This classification evaluates the severity of liver disease. The grades correlate with one- and two-year patient survival. Grade A: 100% and 85% Grade B: 80% and 60% Grace C: 45% and 35% References: Desmet VJ, Gerber, M, et al. Hepatology. 1994; 19 : 1513 - 1520. Clinical use: Calculate equivalent dosing of various steroids. Units: Gluco. P = glucocorticoid power Mineralo. P = mineralocorticoid ... (relative to hydrocortisone) References: Goodman & Gilman's The Parmacological basis of therapeutics. McGrawHill, 1997. Clinical use: The Glasgow Coma Scale is the most widely used scoring system used in quantifying level of consciousness following traumatic brain injury. Patients with score less than 8 are in Coma. References: Teasdale G, Jennet B. Lancet1974 ; 2 : 81 - 84 Clinical use: Index of severity of hypoxemia. PIF ratio is used as part of the definition of ALI (acute lung injury) and ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) For ALI, PIF = 200-300 [mmHg], for ARDS, PIF<200 [mmHg] (other criterias not listed) Clinical use: Helps compute drug dosages based on body weight or surface. Calvert formula: Dose = AUC * (GFR+25) Unités: Dose [mg], GFR [mL/min] AUC=area under curve [min*mg/mL] References: Calvert AH et al. J Clin Oncol 1989; 7(11): 1748. Clinical use: Gives expected pCO2 (respiratory compensation) in pure metabolic acidosis. Formula: pCO2 = 1.5*HCO3 + 8 (± 2 variation not applied here) Units: HCO3 [mmol/L], pCO2 [mmHg] References: Albert MS et al. Ann Int Med 1967; 66:312 Formula: 1. BSA = sqrt (weight * height / 3600) 2. BSA = 0.007184 * height^0.725 * weight^0.425 Units: BSA [m²], weight [kg], height [cm] References: 1. Mosteller RD. NEJM 1987; 317: 1098 2. Dubois D et al. Arch Intern Med 1916; 17: 863 Clinical use: Ionized calcium levels vary with albuminemia. Normal : 2.1-2.5 [mmol/L] or 8.5-10.5 [mg/dL] Formula: Ca corr = Cam + 0.8 * (4-Alb) Units: Ca [mg/dL], Alb [g/dL] References: Payne RB, Little AJ, BMJ 1973 ; IV : 643 - 646 Clinical use: FENa < 1% seen in pre-renal azotemia Formula: FENa = (Una * Pcreat) / (Pna * Ucreat) Units: Ucreat,Pcreat,Una,Pna [mmol/L] References: Corwin HL, Schreiber MJ, Fang LST. Arch Intern Med. 1984 ; 144 ; 981 - 982 Clinical use: Hyperproteinemia causes pseudohyponatremia. ( if prot>80 [g/L ]) Formula: Na corr = Na + 0.025 * prot Units: Na [mmol/L], prot [g/L] References: Marino PL. The ICU Book, Williams&Wilkins, 2nd ed.1997 Formula: Positive test result: LR = sens / (1 - spec) Negative test result: LR = (1 - sens) / spec Units: LR = Likelihood ratio sens = sensitivity spec = specificity References: Pauker SG. NEJM 1992;327:1009-13 Clinical use: "Rule of thumb" equation for estimating the total amount of iron to give a patient to replenish iron stores in iron deficit anemia. Formula: Def = (14 - Hb) * 250 Units: Def [mg], Hb [g/dL] Formula: OI = FIO2*MAP/PaO2 Units: FIO2 = fractional concentration of O2 MAP = mean airway pressure [cmH20] PaO2 = arterial O2 tension [mmHg] References: Ortiz RM. Ped Clin NA 1987 ; 34 : 39 - 46. ÿÿqR'‚B'U‡'X'C—'Pž'S§'²'K´'G½•ÒWƒAƒ“ƒhƒDƒJƒbƒgƒRƒs[ƒy[ƒXƒg‚·‚ׂđI‘ð-KeyboardGraffiti HelpFormula: Q = VO2 / (13.4 * Hb * (SaO2 - SvO2)) Units: VO2 [mL/min], Hb [g/dL], SaO2, SvO2 % References: Berkow R, Fletcher AJ, et al. The Merck Manual, 16th edition. 1992. pages 400-403. Clinical use: This score estimates the risk of life-threatening complications or death in patients with acute pancreatitis. References: Ranson JH. Surg Clin North Am 1981; 61(1): 55- 70. Clinical use: Ionized calcium levels vary with proteinemia. Normal : 2.1-2.5 [mmol/L] or 8.5-10.5 [mg/dL] Formula: Ca corr = Ca / (0.55 + Prot / 160) Units: Ca [mmol/L], Prot [g/L] Formula: pH = 6.1 + log(HCO3 / (0.03 * pCO2)) Units: HCO3 [mmol/L], pCO2 [mmHg] References: Henderson LJ. Am J Physiol 1908 ; 21 : 427 Hasselbalch KA. Biochem Z 1916 ; 78 : 112 Formula: PhenC = phen / (0.2 * alb + 0.1) Units: phenytoin [µg/mL], albumin [g/dL] References: Martin E. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacology. 1977; 5: 579-96. Formula: Prot = (Uprot / Ucreat ) * 8.8 * BSA / 1.73 Units: Uprot [g/L], Ucreat [mmol/L] BSA = body surface area [m²] References: Ginsberg JM et al. NEJM 1983 ; 309 : 1543 Clinical use: An RTS value < 4 has been proposed to identify those patients who should be treated in a trauma centre. References: Champion HR et al, J Trauma 1989; 29: 623 Formula: DR = DF*TA/TT Units: DR =drip rate [gtt/min] DF = drop factor [gtt/ml] (standard sets use10,15,20 or 60) TA = total amount to infuse [mL] TT = total time [min] Clinical use: Hyperglycemia causes pseudohyponatremia. Formula: Na corr = Na + (Gluc - 5) / 3.5 Units: Na, Gluc [mmol/L] References: Katz MA. NEJM 1973 ; 289 : 843 Clinical use: Neutropenia if A.N.C. < 1500 [c/mm³] Severe < 500 [c/mm³] Formula: ANC = WBC * (Polys + Bands) / 100 Units: Polys, Bands % ANC, WBC [cells/mm³] Clinical use: Only correct if Trig < 4. Formula: VLDL=Trig/2.2 (mmol/L) VLDL=Trig/5 (mg/dL or g/L) LDL=Tot_chol - VLDL - HDL References: "Friedwald formula" Clinical use: Given dose and desired infusion rate, this formula calculates the amount of drug to add to a given volume of I.V. fluid ("The rule of 6"). Clinical use: Long QT syndrome : QTc > 0.44 Formula: QTc = QT / sqrt(RR) Units: QT, RR [s] References: Bazett HC. Heart 1920 ; 7 : 353 - 370 Formula: Odds posttest = Odds pretest * L.R. Units: L.R. = likelihood ratio Odds = probability / ( 1 - probability ) Prob = odds / (odds + 1) Formula: index = Ca / Creat Units: Ca = urinary calcium [mg/dL], Creat = urinary creatinine [mg/dL] References: J Pediatr 1993;123:393-397 Formula: Estimated delivery date is the last day of the 40th week, starting from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). ÿÿ†JZBèReéwêyƒIƒvƒVƒ‡ƒ“ƒvƒŠƒtƒ@ƒŒƒ“ƒX...-MedCalc ‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄFormula: Cl = k * Height / Creat Units: Creat [mg/dL], Height [cm] References: Schwartz GJ. Pediatrics. 1976 ; 58 : 259 - 263 Score (mortality): <0 (100%) 1-2 (45%) 3-4 (36%) 5-6 (15%) 7-8 (3%) >8 (0%) References: Tepas JJ. J Trauma 1988; 28(4): 425-9. Formula: PV = 0.065*Weight*(1-Hct) Units: PV [L], Weight[kg], Hct % References: Kaplan AA, ASAIO Trans 1990; 36(3): M597 Clinical use: Hyperlipidemia causes pseudohyponatremia. Formula: Na corr = Na + 0.2 * TG Units: Na [mmol/L], TG [g/L] Type in the name of the patient ( or select it in the list if he or she's already in the database ) to save the result. Checked formulas will appear in the "custom" category. This category is useful to group frequently used formulas. Clinical use: Monitoring annualized growth velocity is useful for patients receiving growth hormone therapy. No drug information: To enter additional information please press 'details' button in the drug edit dialog. Clinical use: Useful to calculate the duration of certain procedures, stay times of patients, and so on... MathLib‚±‚̃\ƒtƒg‚ð“®‚©‚·‚É‚Í MathLib ‚ª•K—v‚Å‚·B www.radiks.net/~rhuebner/mathlib.htmlOKƒVƒXƒeƒ€‚ª‚ ‚¢‚Ü‚¹‚ñ‚±‚̃\ƒtƒg‚ð“®‚©‚·‚É‚Í Palm OS Ver 3.1 ˆÈオ•K—v‚Å‚·BOKFormula: First 10 kg : 100mL/kg/24h Next 10kg: 50mL/kg/24h Remaining kg: 20mL/kg/24h ƒtƒH[ƒ€‚ª‚ ‚¢‚Ü‚¹‚ñu©v‚Æu–¼v‚Ì—¼•û‚ª•K—v‚Å‚·BOKSolution to use (D5%, NaCl, pure) and drugs that should not be mixed with this one.Šm@@”F–{“–‚É‚±‚Ì‹L˜^‚ð휂µ‚Ü‚·‚©?OKCancelClinical use: This formula helps calculate intravenous drug infusion rate. Formula: HR = 60 / RR Units: HR = Heart rate [bpm] RR = RR interval [s] Formula: M.A.P. =(P.sys+2*P.dia)/3 Units: M.A.P., P.sys, P.dia [mmHg] Clinical use: Oliguria is usually defined as less than 0.5 mL/kg/h. Additional notes about the drug, such as possible adverse reactions.Press "Details..." button to enter more information about the drug.‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚¹‚ñƒŠƒXƒg‚ɉ½‚̃AƒCƒeƒ€‚à‘I‘ð‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚¹‚ñ ...OKLow and high range, start and maintenance dose ...Therapeutic range:Select a drug...Drug informationInitializing...Add a new drugMiscellaneous:Choose a timeresult savedEnter a dateSolution:MedCalcMedCalcrecordsrecord [wk] 1.05.0MedCalc Ver. 5.0@“ú–{Œêƒ[ƒJƒ‰ƒCƒU[ Ver. 1.0i04/05/17j Go Matsuyama Toho University Sakura Hospital http://www.lab.toho-u.ac.jp/med/peds/palm.html mail: matuyama@med.toho-u.ac.jp€  Ì€ ˜¬Æî2P tŒªj‚ªResultsÍ ÁdatesÎ4~i ’(Ï`€Patient :ÐoDate :Ñ~€Value :Ò[‘* ÉDelete...Ó‘H ɃƒCƒ“ƒƒjƒ…[n• 7Ô€Õ$, ÁformulassÖ ’7@’     ×o€Formula :Û4`i ’(Ü4oi ’(2œœœ€5 b~è  Custom category ‰c@ {         ž€Select formulas: ‹$ ÉOK c£€  !4ˆ, Ld„œ² ÈÌ ,0fz ¦ªð b x|À ÖÚ 6L bfª¾ ÔØ 26zŽ ¤¨Þ ¶‰»Šw’PˆÊs!506 ɃLƒƒƒ“ƒZƒ‹c!6$ ÉOK!7z€Prot :t!8z È!8!9!9'{[g/L][g/dL]!:.€Alb :!;. 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È!G!H!Hv/+![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]!IST€Gluc :!JSA€Chol :!KiT È!K!L!LrU,![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L]!M]g€Pi :!NiA È!N!O!OrB,![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L]!Pig È!P!Q!Qth*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]!Rg€Hb :!Sg È!S!T!T'h[g/dL][g/L]!U€Šî–{’PˆÊ‚ð‘I‘ð‚µ‚Ä‚­‚¾‚³‚¢Bh!Vcz Àw2œœ°ˆ WÔì(>VÍ~˜ÀÒú (tŠ ²Êò  bfŽEdit a drug±c‹( ÉCancel²1‹- ÉDetails...³€Name :´‹( ÉOKµŒ ²@¶2€Dilution :·52( ²B¸*C€in¹5C( ²Bº`3 Ⱥ¼»aC€[mL]¼m37[ng][ƒÊg][mg][g][U]½Field :¾"Œ<"Dô’"9¿Àc”$‚ÿÁ% HÁÂÂ2U!SolutionTherapeutic rangeMiscellaneous‘Ä"Œ<"DôÅ"Œ<"Dô2œœLˆ ¸ nŒÄÞö 6Select a drug...M z@            NQŒ# ÉEditO(Œ# ÉNewPŒ ÉOKR“ "@P“ yS€  %€ˆ €˜´Ìð2V¬ÎBUN or urea%0‘$ ÉAnnuler%‚‘$ ÉOK%ƒ4€In your laboratory :%„Mf Èurea nitrogen (BUN)%…Z& Èurea%†@€Urea is expressed as%‡u€Urea = 2.144 * BUN (all units equal) Urea [mmol/L] = BUN [mg/dL] / 2.8%ˆh€Conversion factor :%¡€Urea can also be expressed as its nitrogen component (urea nitrogen). Both values are not identical.Formulas: FVC (M) = 0.06*height - 0.0214*age - 4.65 FVC (F) = 0.0491*height - 0.0216*age - 3.59 FEV1 (M) = 0.0414*height - 0.0244*age - 2.19 FEV1 (F) = 0.0342*height - 0.0255*age - 1.578 Units: Age [y], height [cm] FVC = Forced Vital Capacity [L] FEV1 = Forced Expired Volume in 1 second [L] References: Crapo RO et al. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981; 123: 659 ÿÿK+ RBLYMcRecordBeam itemDelete item...  p€ ¼Øø<^ tx Ž’ ¨¬ÂÞF\rˆœƒvƒŠƒtƒ@ƒŒƒ“ƒX0q06 ɃLƒƒƒ“ƒZƒ‹$r$ ÉOKxsv ÈÅŒã‚̃JƒeƒSƒŠ[‚ð‹L‰¯/t@@/ Èshow list ...u?^ È?uzv?m È?v{w?O Èw†x€Generaly2€Default unitszO^([kPa][mmHg]{Ol[kg][lb]|&@€‰»Šw :}}&O€g’· :~&m€‘Ìd ::/^€ˆ³ :s†ON[cm][in]  ì€Ð/ ^tœ¸.Dl‚ ˜œ²È <d z~Ž °0Ì*0R hl~ÊNd¦þ¶aÈØ n6 LPˆ ž¢¸Þ ôø$ “_“HŠÇ—îL2 ²Bï2) Ø‘Ìd :ð]@!Dose =Infusion rate =Dilution =ñ,# ²Bò] ÈnóO] ‚ ô @ õg2 Èõûö[# Àù$@€—n‰t :ú|#,min]h]12h]24h]ût2[kg][lb]üL@ ²Býg@ Èýþv#€/ÿj#€kgb#€/hN€[mL] of fluidJ#7[ng[ƒÊg[mg[g[U|# ÈLN ²Bi] È+N€pert@7[ng][ƒÊg][mg][g][U]v])[mL/min][mL/h] LMB1020253050100 [] @ |],min]h]12h]24h] v]/j]kgb]/J]7[ng[ƒÊg[mg[g[U|] Hh# Ht#*[mL/min][mL/h];M È ’ Á ? ÈSelect a drug...§# È#<Dose :Infusion rate :   €Ð% "D`ˆž¸àô.@ VZ~¦ ¼Àèþ*HŽÒô0Xÿn–ª ÀÄú(>Z Ž…‹…‘Ìàh‰ß‘¬“xiGFRj Ul$ ÉŒv@ŽZE ²B-€”N—î :I& ÈBSA :E- ²B~€GFR =€ŒŒŸ÷ creat :L~€[mL/min/1.73m2]a€[y]_- È NH ɃƒCƒ“ƒƒjƒ…[E ²B_ È0~ ‚ P-X€«•Ê :GX ÁMTX ÁFl- ɃŠƒZƒbƒgo.![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L] o-*![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L]! < ÉŒ‹‰Ê‚Ì•Û‘¶..."lX( È•l#;D ȃAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“ :$E; 2B%- Ø&EI 2B'aI[m2]\(_; H())n;[g/L][g/dL]*’ Á +J~[mL/min],=- À-&-BUN :Urea :   l€Ð!   8`vºÊÞRdtœ ²¶Ò èì$Vl‚˜Ú" 8<Vÿ~¦¸ $ “_“HŠÇ— n €–ò—p—Ê : o/ ²B p[ À r I@Infusion rate =Dilution = sv€/ t|Y€[mL] uL& ²B v|I7[ng][ƒÊg][mg][g][U] xj€kg yb€/ zNI ‚ P {nI È { v |&4 Ø‘Ìd : }h& È }  ~t7*[mL/min][mL/h] u&[kg][lb] €I È ’ Á ‚| È ƒ|,min]h]12h]24h] „J7[ng[ƒÊg[mg[g[U …h7 È … †7€“Š—^‘¬“x : ‡L7 ²B ˆ^Y ²B ‰<Y€per Š[XB1020253050100 ‹LX È ‹ Š  &H€Ð$ 6NVn–¦¸ÊÜì,<PfŽž²Úê:bŠ²Ú*Rj’¢¸àöTwo-way table&I;€Ž¾@@Š³€!x&K`€Š´Žó« :&L5` ’"&MM`€%&N"€ƒe&O+€ƒX&P4€ƒg&Q=€&Rl€“ÁˆÙ« :&S5l ’"&TMl€%&U x€PPV :&V’ Á &W5x ’"&XMx€%&Y„€NPV :&Z5„ ’"&[M„€%&\t( ’P&]4( ²B&^U( ²B&_47 ²B&`U7 ²B&at7 ’P&b1F ’"P&cQF ’"P&dtF ’P&eT€—L•a—¦ :&f5T ’"&gMT€%&h_T€LR + :&itT ’"&j__€LR - :&kt_ ’"   H€Ð!  "6F\„š¬Ô êî ,0Xn–Úô  6 LP”Æøÿ$dz®ÄKt/V (URR) J ^€URR = K=^€% L$€“§ÍŒã MS$ ²B N n€Kt/V = Oq5[L] Q%^ ‚ P Ri È R Y TX5 ²B Un5 È U _ V5n ‚ P W€“§Í‘O XS ²B Yt*![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] ZF€“§ÍŒã‘Ìd: [nF È [ ` \XF ²B ]i$ È ] ^ ^t$*![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] _{5[kg][lb] `{F[kg][lb] b’ Á cO5 À d5S“§Í‘O‘Ìd:ŒÀŠOàh‰ß—Ê: e2 È f1BUN:urea: g6$ È h3$BUN:urea:  €Ð þBXn–´Ê àä úþ& <@V~Ž¤Ìô*`– ¬°âø ÿHD A-a O2 •ªˆ³Šr·H ²B(€PaO2 :# €PaCO2 :H  ²BY€A-a •ªˆ³Šr· =>. Àd È(d! È) H. ²B!e. È!,",<€FiO2 :#H< ²B$d<€%%.J€R.Q. :&HJ ²B'SY ‚ P(q([kPa][mmHg])q"([kPa][mmHg]*wY([kPa][mmHg]+jY È+*,r/[m][ft].’ Á /e. H/10/ ‚“x :‹Cˆ³ :1r/%,[atm][bar][kPa][mmHg]  #Œ€Ð þ,T|’¨¾ ÔØ &*`ˆž´Äì < RV®¾æÿ6L6 Ž_‘f‰^”ÀŽw•W#5€Hb :#‘F ²B#’F5 ²B#“*€SaO2 :#”*5€PaO2 :#•’ Á #–a È#–#¨#˜F ²B#™a€%#ša5 È#š#›#›n6([kPa][mmHg]#œFA ²B#*A€PvO2 :#ž*)€SvO2 :#Ÿa)€%# F) ²B#¡aA È#¡#¢#¢nB([kPa][mmHg]#£1] À#£#¤#¤"]*BCaO2CvO2C(a-v)O2DO2VO2O2ER#¥E]€=#¦O]F ‚P#§M€S”o—Ê :#¨n[g/dL][g/L]#©aM€[L/min]#ªFM ²B  D€Ð ì 6Lb†¨ÀØô*Hpˆ°Æî " 8<Äâ "8. ŒŒŸ÷Na•Ï‰»EZ_$ ÉŒv@ŽZF9! ÁMGF! ÁFH!€«•Ê :I,H ɃƒCƒ“ƒƒjƒ…[J~€on plasma sodium =K!0€ŒŒŸ÷Na :Lo~€[mmol/L]MN€Infusate K :Nq€Estimated effect of 1 liter of infusateOZ!3 Ø> 65 [y]PF0 ²BQ`0€[mmol/L]RV~ ‚ PS&€‘Ìd :TF ²BU` ÈU]V?€Infusate :WF? ÈWXXS?DMDextrose 5%NaCl 0.2%NaCl 0.45%Ringer's lactateNaCl 0.9%NaCl 3%NaCl 5%Y#_- ɃŠƒZƒbƒgZFN ²B[`N€[mmol/L]\’ Á ]m[kg][lb]  ¤€Ð ì<R hl”²ö( >Bj®Öì& <@†¦Æà2c ƒNƒŒƒAƒ`ƒjƒ“@ƒNƒŠƒAƒ‰ƒ“ƒX¦K ²B§2€”A—Ê :¨d; Ȩ«©K- ²BªZ€ƒNƒŠƒAƒ‰ƒ“ƒX =«q<*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]¬VZ[mL/min/1.73m2]­g€[mL]®d- È®±°K; ²B±q.,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]²AZ ‚ P³2€ŽžŠÔ :´K ²Bµg€[h]·d; È·¸¸q<,![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]¹;€ŒŒŸ÷ creatinine :»-€”A’† creatinine :¾$I& ÈBSA :¿KI 2BÀeI[m2]Á’ Á ÂVZ€[mL/min]  !ü€ ¼Ü òöØð0D Z^@Xtœ´Üð 4J ƒXƒeƒƒCƒh“™‰¿Š·ŽZ!ý: È!ý!þ!þDWy AldosteroneBetamethasoneCortisoneDeflazacortDexamethasoneFludrocortisoneHydrocortisoneMethylprednisolonePrednisolonePrednisoneTriamcinolone!ÿ€•ÏŠ·Œ³ :"".€–ò—p—Ê :"E. ¢@P"c.€[mg]"9> È"""C>Wy AldosteroneBetamethasoneCortisoneDeflazacortDexamethasoneFludrocortisoneHydrocortisoneMethylprednisolonePrednisolonePrednisoneTriamcinolone">€•ÏŠ·æ :" €( Gluco. P :"? Z ‚P"Z€–ò—p—Ê :" EZ ‚ P" cZ€[mg]" L€( Gluco. P :" ?LZ ‚P"’ Á    ä€Ð æ. DH\r†¦ ¼Àè þ* @Dl„¬ ÂÆ N’ÖK LDL ƒRƒŒƒXƒeƒ[ƒ‹ æI$ ²B çc$ È ç ù è3$€HDL : éE€VLDL = êV€LDL = ë4€ƒgƒŠƒOƒŠƒZƒŠƒh : ìWV È ì ü í=E ‚  îWE È î û ðI4 ²B ñc4 È ñ ø ò=V ‚ P ó(€‘Chol. : ôI ²B õc È õ ú øp4+![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] ùp$+![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] úp+![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] ûdE+![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] üdV+![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L]Ò ý’ Á   €Ð àþ2L bf~¦ ¼À, BFn‚ªÂÖB^vž´H Z“§ˆ³Šr· (ŒŒŸ÷)J€ŒvŽZZ“§ˆ³ =bJ€[mosm/kg]X€Osm. gap =5 À*bX€[mosm/kg]JJ ‚ Pd Èq*![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L]H ²Bd+ È#JX ‚ P5€Na : H ²B!d€[mmol/L]"7+€“œ :#q+*![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L]$H+ ²B%8€‘ª’èZ“§ˆ³ :&d8€[mosm/kg]'H8 ²B)’ Á */BUN :Urea :  P€Ð nÚdö i ou,ATahD‚L’AÖ nìCðPm@=Zo‚ F˜Cœ ¸þT&E<U€ C–cšG ”A׊ÇPO4Ä‹zŽûScC ÈoSYT#€ŒŒŸ÷ Creat :mUH# ²BV*T€TRP =W3€”A’†@ƒŠƒ“:XgT€%YpC*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]Zc# ÈdZc\H3 ²B^NT ‚ P_€ŒŒŸ÷@ƒŠƒ“:`H ²Bac ÈafbC€”A’† Creat :Icp#,![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]vdHC ²Be’ Á fq*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]gc3 ÈEghho3*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]   € æü.DZpŠ²Ú ðô&J`ˆ ž¢¸ê">`v Œ$ ¬’·‘¬“x .0€g’· : Uq$ ÉŒv@ŽZ . €“ú•t : .N€“ú•t : HN È ‚€¬’·‘¬“x = N‚ ‚ P G0 ²B b0 È   o0[cm][in] N“H ɃƒCƒ“ƒƒjƒ…[ .^€g’· : G^ ²B b^ È   H  È o^[cm][in] q- ɃŠƒZƒbƒg  €‰‰ñ‘ª’è :  ?€‚Q‰ñ–Ú‘ª’è :  “< ÉŒ‹‰Ê‚Ì•Û‘¶... ’ Á g‚ È  t‚#[cm/y][in/y]2œœ8ˆ4Ð Œª¾Ø 4\„¤¾ ØSave this result9 …7@…                      :‹# ÉSave;7j^ ²H<1‹# ÉCancel 7=€>7y^ ²H?[€or enter a new patient :@€Select an entry :Aj€Last name:By€First name:Ž  €Ð ðÔò 4 Rz Ž¨¼ä  ¶>f³Žž³¸à»ð,@h~G Ž¡—ÕK—v” (NNT)²^ ²B0€‘ÎÆŒQ” :€‘ÎÆŒQŽ–Û” :  ^ ²B !L€NNT = 0-€Ž¡—ÃŒQ” : t€RRR ='t ‚"^- ²B€€ARR =;€Ž¡—ÃŒQŽ–Û” :^; ²B'€ ‚"?€€%VL€patient(s)?L ‚ P?t€%h€RR ='h ‚"\€OR ='\ ‚"P’ Á ?h€%  à€Ð à.DZ‚š ØÜ òö  Btœ²ÄÚðD`”m Šî‘bƒGƒlƒ‹ƒM[Á”ï—Ê(BEE)â? ²Bã%€‘Ìd :ä%-€g’· :å?- ²BæZ€B.E.E. =ç?Z ‚ èYZ ÈèùéY ÈéíêY- Èêîíg[kg][lb]îg-[cm][in]ð? ²Bñ%€”N—î :òZ€[y]ó%<€«•Ê :ô@< ÁMõM< ÁFö%K€•â³ :÷?K ²BøZK€X basal exp.ùdZ[kcal][kJ]ú’ Á   l€Ð Úö"Jdz ¦ªÀèø 4\vŒœÄæ":T= S”o—Ê (Fick)m!YSŒW” =p4.€Hb :qH. ²BrY€S”o—Ê =s);€SaO2 :tvY€[L/min]va. Èvˆw’ Á xH; ²Byd;€%zVY ‚ P{-€VO2 :|H ²B}d€[mL/min/m2]~)H€SvO2 :dH€%€HH ²B A ÈSurf. corp. :‚H  2Bƒd [m2]„d[mL/min]†mY[L/min/m2]ˆq.[g/dL][g/L]  $€Ð Èð,Bjˆ¤¼ ÒÖ ìð .2ZŒö Rbc ƒNƒŒƒAƒ`ƒjƒ“@ƒNƒŠƒAƒ‰ƒ“ƒXÿ&M# ’'9#€( k =(02€g’· :)H2 ²B*S€ƒNƒŠƒAƒ‰ƒ“ƒX =+A€ŒŒŸ÷ creat :,hS€[mL/min]-G È-4.`2 È.30HA ²B1`A È172PS ‚ P3m2[cm][in]4UD7V¶Ž™ (LBW)V¶Ž™ (Term)¬Ž™ŽvtŠú­—ŽvtŠú­”N5*€Š³ŽÒ :7mA,![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]8b#€):’ Á   \€Ð ÂÚ4\ rv ´ÊÞB’¸àö6, Gorlin ‚ÌŽ®^b ²B_8€S”o—Ê :`A!€S”” :ab! ²Bb#T Àbmc/€Diastolic filling period :dT€[cm2]e{€[L/min]f{!€[bpm]hb/ ²Bi{/€[spb]jgT ‚ PmT-,M ‘m–XA ‘å“®–¬T ŽOëP ”x“®–¬n=€Mean valve gradient :oob= ²Bp{=€[mmHg]qq6T€•Ù–ÊÏ =rr/Systolic eject. period :ss’ Á   <€Ð Ôö4Jrˆ°Æ Üà.Bx ’–Ì æêú*BHenderson-Hasselbalch>A ²B?%€HCO3 :@%1€HCO3 :AA1 ²BB!€PaCO2 :CJN ‚ D!1€PaCO2 :E.N ÀEFFN(!PaCO2HCO3pHI1€pH :J11€pH :KpN([kPa][mmHg]LcN* ÈPopupLKMg([kPa][mmHg]NZ* ÈPopupNMOCN€=PZ€[mmol/l]QZ1€[mmol/L]RcN€[mmol/l]S’ Á   %€Ð Îä "8`z¢´:Æ Üàö(>Tf |€Âê$ ŒÄ‹z‹@”\%K ²B%1€”N—î :% 1€g’· :%!K ²B%"#M€—\‘ª FVC =%#gM ‚ %$|M€[L]%%h€[y]%&h È%&%*%)1.€«•Ê :%*u[cm][in]%+L. ÁM%,Y. ÁF%-|\€[L]%.K= È%.%/%/X=8ERS (Europe)Crapo (USA)%0g\ ‚"%1\€—\‘ª FEV1 =%21=€•û–@ :%4’ Á   ¤€Ð Èà&Nn‚œ° ÆÊÚ:ÃBX"Ž¢#¶Þô: - ÔŒŒ‹…Žw”¦P ²B§€ƒwƒ‚ƒOƒƒrƒ“ :¨P& ²B© &€ƒwƒ}ƒgƒNƒŠƒbƒg :ªS€MCV =«%7€ÔŒŒ‹…” :¬<S€[fL]­e È­¶®h&€%°P7 ²B±h7€[mio/ƒÊL]²%S ‚ P´’ Á ¶u[g/dL][g/L]·c€MCH =¸<c€[pg]"¹%c ‚ Pºs€MCHC =:»<s€[g/dL]¼%s ‚ P  ˜€Ð ÂÞ ôø<Tl|À ÖÚBZ‚š¶ü$? Na”rŸ•—¦(FENa)›Z@ È›¡œ "€ŒŒŸ÷ Creat :@" ²Bž%S€F.E. Na =Ÿ1€”A’† Na : gS€%¡g@,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]¢Z" È¢«¤@1 ²B¥\1€[mmol/L]¦NS ‚ P§€ŒŒŸ÷ Na :¨@ ²B©\€[mmol/L]ª @€”A’† Creat :«g"*![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]¬@@ ²B®’ Á   h€Ð Èæ$:b|¤ºÌ âæü.D:Z‚:œÎ²Úô@ ƒs[ƒNƒtƒ[—\‘ªjK ²Bk.€”N—î :l.€g’· :mK ²BnM€—\‘ª PEF =oKM ‚ paM€[L/min]qh€[y]rh ÈÎrvu.-€«•Ê :vu[cm][in]wL- ÁMxY- ÁFyK< ²Bz<€‘ª’è PEF :{h<€[L/min]|K[ ‚"}[€‘ª’è PEF =~a[€% of pred.€’ Á    (€Ð ÂØ4\rš °´ ÊÎ äè$`’¨Ä ÚÞ% Q-T •â³ *M ²B + €Q-T ŠÔŠu : ,#(€R-R ŠÔŠu : -M( ²B ."N€Q-Tc = /EN ‚  0\N È 0 8 1d È 1 6 2d( È 2 7 6q!![s][ms]square 7q(!![s][ms]square 8iN[s][ms] 9’ Á :;Ž†‘—‚葬“x : <M; H < = =Z;/25 [mm/s]50 [mm/s]  @€Ð Âê(>f„ ¸Ê àä "&NdzÖc ƒNƒŒƒAƒ`ƒjƒ“@ƒNƒŠƒAƒ‰ƒ“ƒXBG ²BC0€”N—î :D0#€‘Ìd :EG# ²BFW€ƒNƒŠƒAƒ‰ƒ“ƒX =G3€ŒŒŸ÷ creat :HhW€[mL/min]Ib€[y]Ja# ÈJTLG3 ²BMa3 ÈMSNPW ‚ PO0C€«•Ê :PIC ÁMQVC ÁFSm4,![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]Tn$[kg][lb]V’ Á   &¬€Ð ¼Ò èì0LtŽ¶ ÌÐ Nd–¬Â$ –Ú•Wg’·&­j È&­&µ&®O ²B&¯€•êe‚Ìg’· :&°%€•ƒe‚Ìg’· :h&±O% ²B&² M€–Ú•Wg’· =·&³WM ‚ &´jM È&´&·&µw[cm][in]&¶j% È&¶&º&·xM[cm][in]&¹+7€«•Ê :Ê&ºw%[cm][in]&»R7 ÁM&¼_7 ÁF&Ä’ Á    ¸€Ð ¶Ìô ,Tl”² ÈÌ âæü@Z‚–¬$ ’`”’”ro ºO ²B »-€”A’`”’ : ¼ &€”AƒNƒŒƒAƒ`ƒjƒ“ : ½O& ²B ¾ N€’`”’”A = ¿GN ‚ P À]N€[g/24h/1.73m2] Áf È Á Ì Âf& È Â Æ Å’ Á Æs&,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L] È(8& ÈBSA : ÉO8 2B Êf8[m2] Ë]N[g/24h] Ìs[g/L][g/dL]  ¨€Ð ¼Òú"J `dx˜® ÄÈð.fš°Æ$ ŒŒŠÇ’ïRªA ²B«&€MAP :¬(&€CVP :­A& ²B®Y& È®¹¯,8€CO :°LJ€[dynes*sec/cm^5]±Z€[mmHg]²J À²º´A8 ²BµZ8€[L/min]¶4J ‚ P¹f&)[cmH20][mmHg]ºJSVR =PVR =»!MPAP :¼!&PCWP :½’ Á    Œ€Ð ¶Ìô  HbŠž ´¸ ÎÒ6L bf¬$ ‘Ì•\–ÊÏ ŽF ²B ,€‘Ìd : ,)€g’· : ‘F) ²B ’N€‘Ì•\–ÊÏ = “cN ‚  ”xN€[m2] •c È: • ™ –c) È – š ™p[kg][lb] šp)[cm][in] œ’ Á F; È ž žS;2!DuboisHaycockMosteller Ÿ;€ƒƒ\ƒbƒh :  €Ð Œ¢Ê|¤ÂØ îò  h$ ’PˆÊ•ÏŠ·H( ²BBn€ Alcohol (ethanol)BilirubinCalciumCholesterolCreatinineGlucoseMagnesiumPhosphateTriglyceridesUreaHK ’" K:€converts to...’ Á !h( È!%"hK È"&%u(,7[ƒÊmol/L][mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L][g/L]&uK,7[ƒÊmol/L][mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L][g/L]  $¸€Ð ¶ÈÜ.Vn–® ÄÈÚìdz¢ ¸ ”A—Ê$¹c&€[mL]$ºH ²B$».€‘Ìd :$¼7&€”A :$½H& ²B$¾N€”A@—Ê =$¿SN ‚ $ÀkN€[mL/kg/h]$Ád È$Á$Å$Âc8€[h]$Ä+8€per$Åq[kg][lb]$ÆH8B24681224$È’ Á $ÉL8 ²B$Ê;8 È$Ê$Æ  4€Ð ¶Ìâø(@Tj‚ªÂê* @Dlž$ …•ªŒ‡–R6L# ÁM7Y# ÁF82#€«•Ê ::T€…•ªŒ‡–R =;%3€‘ª’è Na :<|T€[mL]=2€‘Ìd :>gC€[mmol/L]@K3 ²BAg3€[mmol/L]B]T ‚ PC%C€–Ú•W Na :DK ²BEg ÈEGFKC ²BGt[kg][lb]I’ Á   x€Ð ªÎö.Vn– ¬° ÆÊ àä^¢X Ca •â³’l (ƒAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“)zE ²B{€ƒJƒ‹ƒVƒEƒ€ :|.€ƒAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“ :}E. ²B~D€•â³ Ca =MD ‚ €fD È€ˆ` Ȇ‚`. È‚……m/[g/L][g/dL]†m,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]ˆsE,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]‰’ Á   Ü€Ð ªÈð "JbŠ  ¤ º¾ ÔØR–C Ca •â³’l (’`”’)ÞF ²B߀ƒJƒ‹ƒVƒEƒ€ :à.-€’`”’ :áF- ²BâD€•â³ Ca =ãLD ‚ äfD Èäìå` Èåéæ`- Èæêém,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]êm.[g/L][g/dL]ìsE,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]í’ Á   Ü€Ð ªÊò.Vn „ˆ ž¢ ¸¼ò8~¦H ƒtƒFƒjƒgƒCƒ“•â³’l¹ÞN ²B߀‘ƒtƒFƒjƒgƒCƒ“ :à.€ƒAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“ :áN. ²BâG€•â³’l =¿ãe ÈãèäeG Èäéåe. Èåææs.[g/L][g/dL]ès,![ƒÊg/mL][mg/L][ƒÊmol/L]éqG,![ƒÊg/mL][mg/L][ƒÊmol/L]êJG ‚ Pë’ Á   X€Ð ªÄìFh¬ ÂÆÖ0DZv6 ”MŽž—A‰t—ÊZP ²B[6€‘Ìd :\#€Burned TBSA :]P# ²B^ 4€—A‰t—Ê (‰Šú 24h):_?B ‚ `\B€[mL/8h] i.v.ai Èaebi#€%et[kg][lb]f3Q ‚ gB€ŠJŽnh’ Á iPQ€[mL/16h] i.v.jQ€ŽŸ  ø€Ð ªÀèþ>X€ –šª ÀÄú<:Rh$ Ž_‘fŽw”úD ²Bû+€FIO2 :ü%&€M.A.P. :ýD& ²BþM€Ž_‘fŽw” =ÿjM ‚[8 È^€%[% Èk8([kPa][mmHg]j%(![kPa][mmHg][cmH20]’ Á '8€PaO2 : D8 ²B  "`€Ð ¤¼äF^† œ  ¶º<‚1 MELD ƒXƒRƒA"bG' ²B"c '€‘ƒrƒŠƒ‹ƒrƒ“ :"d8€ŒŒŸ÷ creat :"eG8 ²B"f/M€ƒXƒRƒA ="gVM ‚ "i_' È"i"p"j_8 È"j"l"ll9,![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]"m2€INR :"nG ²B"pl',![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]"q’ Á    €Ð ¤ºØ(DZ‚ªÒð&<Pf$ ”DPŒvŽZ£€ÅIŒŽŒo‰“ú :¤p. ²B¥[>A ‚¦[€oŽY—\’è“ú =§\[ Ȩ[LA ‚© L ’"ª .€Enter a gestational age :­L€th week ends on®>€Œ»Ý‚ÌÝ‘Ù”N—î =¯  È°’ Á ±~.€[wk]³`€¡“ú :´“ À   ð€Ð ªÂêú,H`pŽ¬Ôä (P`- ŒŸ¸ŒãŠm—¦ òK" ²B óc"€% ô)"€Š´Žó« : õ A€ŒŸ¸Œ‹‰Ê : öU€ŒŸ¸ŒãŠm—¦ = ÷)1€“ÁˆÙ« : ø~U€% ùMA% Ápositive úsA( Ánegative üK1 ²B ýc1€% þeU ‚ P ÿ€ŒŸ¸‘OŠm—¦ : K ²B c€% ’ Á   ”€Ð ¤ºâú@Z‚š® ÄÈà(H$ “_“H‘¬“x–T ²B—2€“_“H—Ê :˜)€—\’è“_“HŽžŠÔ :™T) ²BšR€“_“H‘¬“x =›MR ‚ œgR€[gtt/min]q€[mL]žq) Èž¢¡q<€[gtt/mL]¢~)[min][h]£’ Á ¤;€“H‰º—v‘f (set) :¥T; ²B   €Ð ¤¾æBö\vŽ¦Îæ&Nf4 ”A׊ǂjŒù”z A$ ²B $€ŒŒŸ÷Z“§ˆ³ : 4€”A’† K : !A4 ²B ")V€T.T.K.G. = #D€”AZ“§ˆ³ : %\$€[mosm/kg] &\4€[mmol/L] (AD ²B )\D€[mosm/kg] *[V ‚P +€ŒŒŸ÷ K : ,A ²B -\€[mmol/L] /’ Á   €Ð ¤ÂêBX€ ”¤ º¾Øè&L ‹–—eŽ¸ŒŒ—Ê (EABL)R ²B)€‰Šú Hct :9;€‘Ìd :R; ²B(O€EABL =R( ²BgO€[mL]m€%j; È( )(€‹–—e Hct :!m(€%"KO ‚ P#’ Á (y;[kg][lb]   ¬€Ð ž¸àüF^† œ ²ÈðH6 ŠÌ‰Š”»•ÊŠÖ” ®R ²B ¯ €ƒrƒŠƒ‹ƒrƒ“ : °(€Prothrombin ŽžŠÔ : ±R' ²B ²2K€ƒXƒRƒA = ³YK ‚ µf È µ ¼ ¶h'€[s] ¸;9€‘ÎÆ : ¹R8 ²B ºh8€[s] ¼u,![ƒÊmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L] ½’ Á   |€Ð žºâø  4Lt ŠŽ ¤¨Äö<? ˆÛŽ—A‰t (¬Ž™)~: ²B€‘Ìd :€(.€—Ê ::. ²B‚J€—A‰t—Ê =ƒAJ ‚ „_J È „‹…W È…‰†W.€X maintenance‰d[kg][lb]‹hJ-![mL/h][mL/12h][mL/24h]Œ’ Á   d€Ð ˜°Øð 4T|’ ¨¬ ÂÆ . ”A’†Ca”rŸ•fJ ²Bg%€”A’† Ca :h/€”A’† creat :iJ/ ²BjI€Ca/Creat ratio =kpI ‚ l’ Á ma Èmrna/ Ènqqn/*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]rm*![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L]  L€Ð ž¸àö 4LtŠ  ¤ º¾ð"9 ‘ÌŠiŽw”(BMI)NH ²BO/€‘Ìd :P/-€g’· :QH- ²BRB€B.M.I. =SHB ‚ TcB€[kg/m2]Uc ÈUYVc- ÈVZYp[kg][lb]Zp-[cm][in]\’ Á   È€Ð ˜´Ìæþ*,T|”¼Ôð? Z“§ˆ³Šr· (•Ö)Ìb(€[mmol/L]ÎM€Osm. gap =Ï'(€•Ö’† K :ÐbM€[mosm/kg]Ñ’ Á ÔH( ²BÖHM ‚ P×"€•Ö’† Na :ØH ²BÙb€[mmol/L]Ý:€ŒŒŸ÷Z“§ˆ³ :Þb:€[mosm/kg]ßH: ²B   ЀÐ 6˜ºÚFädŒ¤º ÐÔê.N ƒ~ƒNƒƒAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“”AÇ Ò€”A’†ƒAƒ‹ƒuƒ~ƒ“ : ÓK ²B Ô-€”A’† creat : ÕK- ²B ÖE€Alb/Cr ratio = ×OE ‚ P ØhE[mg/mmol] Ùd€[mg/L]å Úd- È Ú Þ Ý’ Á Þq-,![mmol/L][mg/dL][mg/L] àhE[mg/g]  "ĀРž¶Þô  DX€ –šªÀö PaO2 / FiO2"ÆD ²B"Ç+€FiO2 :"ÈRJ È"È"É"É_J([kPa][mmHg]"Ê"J€PIF ="Ë;J ‚ "ÌZ- È"Ì"Ñ"Í^€%"Î’ Á "Ñi-([kPa][mmHg]"Ô'-€PaO2 :"ÕD- ²B  ´€Ð ˜s²Ìô 4H ^\bx´Ð æê4 S”” (EKG)¶!€R-R ŠÔŠu :·J ²BºC€S”” =»UC ‚ ¼oC€[bpm]½a Ƚ¿¾’ Á ¿n*![s][ms]squareÀ-€Ž†‘—‚葬“x :ÁL- ÈÿÁÂÂY-/25 [mm/s]50 [mm/s]  ¼€Ð ž´Êàö4\r ˆŒ ¢¦Ø $ —‘z‘Ìd¾0€«•Ê :¿K ÁMÀ0,€g’· :ÁJ, ²BÂB€‘Ìd =ÃHB ‚ ÄX ÁFÅ_B ÈÅÉÆc, ÈÆÊÉjB[kg][lb]Êp,[cm][in]Ì’ Á   °€Ð ˜¼äø 4Nd|”¬ÔìW ƒAƒjƒIƒ“ƒMƒƒƒbƒv(ŒŒŸ÷)²? ²B³-€Na :´1(€Cl :µ?( ²B¶R€Anion gap =·!<€HCO3 :¸dR€[mmol/L]¹Y€[mmol/L]ºY(€[mmol/L]¼?< ²B½Y<€[mmol/L]¾NR ‚ PÁ’ Á   0€Ð ˜¸àö 4H^vŽ¦ÎæH ”AƒAƒjƒIƒ“ƒMƒƒƒbƒv2A ²B3#€”A Na :4()€”A K :5A) ²B6 T€UAG =7'=€”A Cl :8ZT€[mmol/L]9Z€[mmol/L]:Z)€[mmol/L]<A= ²B=Z=€[mmol/L]>?T ‚ PA’ Á   ,€Ð ˜²ÂÚðDl†®ÄÚê6 D’†‹…â‘Δ0j(€%2N€A.N.C. =3+(€Polys :4fN€[c/mm3]5’ Á 8H( ²B:DN ‚ P;€Total WBC :<H ²B=j€[c/mm3]A):€Bands :Bj:€%CH: ²B   `€Ð ’°Øì 4LtŒ¤ º¾C Na •â³’l (Ž‰Ž¿) bH ²B c6€Na : d.€ƒgƒŠƒOƒŠƒZƒŠƒh : eH. ²B fF€•â³ Na = gHF ‚  h_F€[mmol/L] i`€[mmol/L] j`. È j m mm.,![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] o’ Á   ü€Ð ’®Öêþ&>f~– ¬°ô: Na •â³’l (“œ)þA ²Bÿ0€Na : 2,€“œ : A, ²B F€•â³ Na = GF ‚  ]F€[mmol/L] [€[mmol/L] Z, È  g,,![mmol/L][mg/dL][g/L] ’ Á   À€Ð Œ¢Êà& <@ VZzš$ ’PˆÊ•ÏŠ·Â.8 ²BÃ’ Á Ä$W( ’" Å2H€converts to...ÉN8 ÈÉÍÊNW È‚ÊÎÍ[85Î[W5Ð#Z!€EnergyLengthPressureTemperatureVolumeWeight   ĀР’°Øì*Bj‚š °´êC Na •â³’l (’`”’) ÆH ²B Ç7€Na : È0-€’`”’ : ÉH- ²B ÊF€•â³ Na = ËIF ‚  Ì`F€[mmol/L] Í_€[mmol/L] Î_- È Î Ò Òl-[g/L][g/dL] Ó’ Á   x€Ð ’¦ÍÎî,DZn~ ”˜À ŒŒŸ÷—ÊzN ²B{€ƒwƒ}ƒgƒNƒŠƒbƒg :|5/€‘Ìd :}N/ ²B~H€ŒŒŸ÷—Ê =’ Á €|H€[mL]g€%‚f/ È‚(†aH ‚ PŒs/[kg][lb]  ЀÐ Œ¨Ðàø,Bjz¢¾6 –Þ“x”ä (L. R.)ÒV ²BÓq€%Ô1€Š´Žó« :Õ1'€“ÁˆÙ« :Ö(<€L.R. (—z«) =×’ Á ÜV' ²BÝq'€%Þ_< ‚ Pß(L€L.R. (‰A«) =à_L ‚   %ä€Ð †š®Öô "J^t’ ˆ³Šr·%å€-€[m/s]%æf ²B%ç(€’†•‘¬“x (V1) :%èiD€[mmHg]%êD€ˆ³Šr· =%ëOD ‚ %퀀[m/s]%ò’ Á %ô(-€––½‘¬“x (V2) :%õf- ²B  Ø€Ð u†žuÆÞö:bxŽ¤- •½‹Ï“®–¬ˆ³‚ÚH ²BÛ%€ŽûkŠú :Ü%2€Šg’£Šú :ÝH2 ²BÞK€•½‹Ï“®–¬ˆ³ =ßHK ‚ àaK€[mmHg]áa€[mmHg]âa2€[mmHg]:æ’ Á    T€Ð €˜ÀÜô8Hp€- ŒŸ¸ŒãŠm—¦ Va ²B W&€ŒŸ¸‘OŠm—¦ : X80€–Þ“x”ä : Ya0 ²B ZG€ŒŸ¸ŒãŠm—¦ = [~G€% \eG ‚ P ]z€% `’ Á    €Ð €œÄâ*@h~Ž? –ÔóÔŒŒ‹…Žw”:"[ ²B#€–ÔóÔŒŒ‹…” :\$2€ƒwƒ}ƒgƒNƒŠƒbƒg :E%[2 ²B&6K€Index ='ZK ‚(’ Á )s2€%*s€%  $T€Ð €šÂØò 04Lb2 Winters ‚ÌŽ®$V> ²B$W€HCO3 :$Z7€—\‘ª pCO2 =$[J7 ‚ $\a7 È$\$a$]W€[mmol/L]$^’ Á $an8([kPa][mmHg]Formulas: Prev=(TP+FN)/(TP+FP+TN+FN) Sens=TP/(TP+FN) Spec=TN/(TN+FP) LR+=Sens(1-Spec) LR-=(1-Sens)/Spec PPV=TP/(TP+FP) NPV=TN/(TN+FN) Definitions: TP = True Positive TN = True Negative FN = False Negative TN = True Negative Prev = Prevalence Sens= Sensitivity Spec = Specificity LR+ = Likelihood Ratio, positive LR- = Likelihood Ratio, negative PPV = Positive Predictive Value NPV = Negative Predictive Value    €€Ð €”¼Ðè$ :>T “SŒ‡–R ‚A! ²B ƒ+!€Hb : †>€“SŒ‡–R = ‡Y> ‚  ˆv>€[mg] ‰\! È ‰ Œ ‹’ Á Œi![g/dL][g/L]Formulas: TH (M) = (FH + MH + 13) / 2 TH (F) = (FH + MH - 13) / 2 Units: FH = father's height [cm] MH = mother's height [cm] TH = target height [cm] References: De Luca F et al. The Endocrinologist 1999; 9: 286 Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds) Human Growth New York: Plenum Press. Volume 3, pp104-109   ˆ n ¤ ¼ÔêDetailed informationÀ–|‘$ ÉOK™|€.‘ AA;‘ AAbH‘ AAbcFormula: PG = P2-P1 = 4*(V2²-V1²) Units: V1,V2 [m/s] P1,P2,PG [mmHg] References: Requarth JA. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53(9): 1369   è€è €” ª®Â˜À Ö ÚòMedCalcé Àéìë•„@•                      ì]CšAllAnesthesiologyCardiologyCustomDiabetesEBMElectrolytesEmergencyGINursesPediatricsPulmonaryRenalEdit custom...î< "@Pï Èïñ˜‚ð€ñiFormulas and scores :Patients :